Hydraulics of stepped chutes: The transition flow L’hydraulique des chutes en marches d’escalier: L’écoulement de transition
نویسنده
چکیده
Stepped spillway flows may behave as a succession of free-falling nappes at low flows and as a skimming flow at large discharges. However there is a range of intermediate flow rates characterised by a chaotic flow motion associated with intense splashing: i.e. the transition flow regime. Detailed air–water flow properties in transition flows were measured in two large experimental facilities. The results provide a complete characterisation of the air concentration, velocity and bubble count rate distributions. They highlight some difference between the upper and lower ranges of transition flows in terms of longitudinal free-surface profiles and air concentration distributions. Overall a dominant feature is the very-strong free-surface aeration, well in excess of observed data in smooth-invert and skimming flows. RÉSUMÉ Les écoulements sur les déversoirs en marches d’escalier peuvent se comporter comme une succession des nappes en chute libres aux faibles débits et comme un écoulement écumant aux grands débits. De sorte qu’il y a toute une gamme de débits intermédiaires caractérisés par un mouvement chaotique d’écoulement lié à un éclaboussement intense: i.e. le régime d’écoulement de transition. Des propriétés détaillées de l’écoulement du mélange air-eau dans des écoulements de transition ont été mesurées dans deux grands équipements expérimentaux. Les résultats fournissent une caractérisation complète de la concentration d’air, des distributions de vitesse et du taux de bulles. Ils mettent en lumière une certaine différence entre les gammes supérieures et inférieures des écoulements de transition en termes de profils de surface libre et distributions longitudinales de concentration en air. De façon générale un caractère dominant est l’aération très forte de surface libre, bien au-dessus des données observées dans les écoulements lisses inversés et écumants.
منابع مشابه
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تاریخ انتشار 2004